TINJAUAN HISTORIS PERAN ORGANISASI GURU DALAM MEMPERJUANGKAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1912-1945

Abstract

This study aims to determine the role of teacher organizations in fighting for education from 1912-1945. The Association of Teachers of the Republic of Indonesia or abbreviated as PGRI is an organizational forum that accommodates all teachers in Indonesia. PGRI has a very important role in education. The struggle of PGRI is inseparable from the dynamics of every era in Indonesia, including the Dutch colonialism, Japanese occupation, and also during the independence period. This research is a type of qualitative research with historical methods. Specific research methods used in historical research go through certain stages. This method has 4 steps: 1. Heuristics 2. Criticism 3. Interpretation 4. Historiography. The result of this research is that the teacher organization started since the emergence of the indigenous teachers' struggle organization in the Dutch era in 1912 under the name of the Dutch East Indies Teachers Association (PGHB). In the struggle for teacher organizations, the government and teachers played a role in realizing education for the Indonesian people from the Dutch colonial period, Japan to the independence period. The role of teacher organizations during the Dutch colonial period was 1. Demanding equal rights and positions with the Dutch. 2. They formed an organization, namely PGHB and PGI, whose purpose was to fight for education at that time. 3. play a role in making schools for indigenous people. 4. play an active role in fighting for an equal salary with the elite employees at that time. The next role of the teacher during the Japanese colonial period, namely. 1. During the Japanese occupation, the teachers continued the struggle for Dutch colonialism, namely the teachers demanded equal rights with the colonialists. 2. During the Japanese occupation, teachers played a role in shaping the spirit of nationalism. 3. The role of the teacher who initially educates and provides knowledge turns into military education which is useful for preparation for the Great Eastern War. Furthermore, during the independence period, teacher organizations also had a role, namely. 1. The role of teachers before and after independence is to instill strategic values ​​to achieve Indonesian independence by raising the spirit of independence. 2. After independence, teachers held associations that we know as the first teachers' congress, November 24-25, 1945, or exactly 100 days after independence.